This host doesn't seem to have any HTTP servers. We'll focus on evaluating the DNS and email configuration instead.
All hosts that receive email need encryption to ensure confidentiality of email messages. Email servers thus need to support STARTTLS, as well as provide decent TLS configuration and correct certificates.
There are issues with this site's SMTP configuration.
Sender Policy Framework (SPF) enables organizations to designate servers that are allowed to send email messages on their behalf. With SPF in place, spam is easier to identify.
Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance (DMARC) is a mechanism that allows organizations to specify how unauthenticated email (identified using SPF and DKIM) should be handled.
The global DNS infrastructure is organized as a series of hierarchical DNS zones. The root zone hosts a number of global and country TLDs, which in turn host further zones that are delegated to their customers. Each organization that controls a zone can delegate parts of its namespace to other zones. In this test we perform detailed inspection of a DNS zone, but only if the host being tested matches the zone.
Correctly functioning name servers are necessary to hold and distribute information that's necessary for your domain name to operate correctly. Examples include converting names to IP addresses, determining where email should go, and so on. More recently, the DNS is being used to communicate email and other security policies.
These are the results of individual DNS queries against your nameserver for common resource record types.
Name | TTL | Type | Data |
---|---|---|---|
mail58.cdu.de. | 1800 | A | 193.219.105.58 |
mail58.cdu.de. | 1800 | TXT | "google-site-verification=0gOK8Vr-javn4DwV4N_yko5A9n_AwHCZYwn8RyrMRy4" |
Below are all DNS queries we submitted while inspecting the resource records.
ID | Server | Question Name | Type | Status |
---|
DNSSEC is an extension of the DNS protocol that provides cryptographic assurance of the authenticity and integrity of responses; it's intended as a defense against network attackers who are able to manipulate DNS to redirect their victims to servers of their choice. DNSSEC is controversial, with the industry split largely between those who think it's essential and those who believe that it's problematic and unnecessary.
CAA (RFC 8659) is a new standard that allows domain name owners to restrict which CAs are allowed to issue certificates for their domains. This can help to reduce the chance of misissuance, either accidentally or maliciously. In September 2017, CAA became mandatory for CAs to implement.
An internet hostname can be served by zero or more mail servers, as specified by MX (mail exchange) DNS resource records. Each server can further resolve to multiple IP addresses, for example to handle IPv4 and IPv6 clients. Thus, in practice, hosts that wish to receive email reliably are supported by many endpoint.
Server | Preference | Operational | STARTTLS | TLS | PKI | DNSSEC | DANE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mail58.cdu.de 193.219.105.58 PTR: ns1.cdu.de |
0 |
220 mail58.cdu.de Microsoft ESMTP MAIL Service EHLO outbound.hardenize.com 250-mail58.cdu.de 250-PIPELINING 250-SIZE 250-ETRN 250-STARTTLS 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES 250 8BITMIME QUIT 221 2.0.0 Bye |
Supports STARTTLS. | Not supported. | Not applicable, requires TLS. |
Transport Layer Security (TLS) is the most widely used encryption protocol on the Internet. In combination with valid certificates, servers can establish trusted communication channels even with users who have never visited them before. Network attackers can't uncover what is being communicated, even when they can see all the traffic.
Encryption protocol version determines what features are available for negotiation between client and server.Supported protocols |
TLS v1.0
|
Servers should always enforce their own cipher suite preference, as that is the only approach that guarantees that the best possible suite is selected.Server suite preference |
|
Shows cipher suite configuration for this protocol version.TLS v1.0
Unknown preference |
Suite: TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA
Suite ID: 0x2f Cipher name: AES Cipher strength: 128 bits Cipher block size: 128 bits Cipher mode: CBC Key exchange: RSA Key exchange strength: 2048 bits Forward secrecy: No (WEAK) PRF: SHA TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA 128 bits Suite: TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA Suite ID: 0x35 Cipher name: AES Cipher strength: 256 bits Cipher block size: 128 bits Cipher mode: CBC Key exchange: RSA Key exchange strength: 2048 bits Forward secrecy: No (WEAK) PRF: SHA TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA 256 bits Suite: TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA Suite ID: 0x33 Cipher name: AES Cipher strength: 128 bits Cipher block size: 128 bits Cipher mode: CBC Key exchange: DHE_RSA Key exchange strength: 1024 bits (WEAK) Forward secrecy: Yes PRF: SHA TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA 128 bits (DHE 1024 bits) Suite: TLS_DH_anon_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA Suite ID: 0x34 Cipher name: AES Cipher strength: 128 bits Cipher block size: 128 bits Cipher mode: CBC Key exchange: DH_anon (INSECURE) Key exchange strength: 0 bits (INSECURE) Forward secrecy: No (WEAK) PRF: SHA TLS_DH_anon_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA 128 bits Suite: TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA Suite ID: 0x39 Cipher name: AES Cipher strength: 256 bits Cipher block size: 128 bits Cipher mode: CBC Key exchange: DHE_RSA Key exchange strength: 1024 bits (WEAK) Forward secrecy: Yes PRF: SHA TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA 256 bits (DHE 1024 bits) Suite: TLS_DH_anon_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA Suite ID: 0x3a Cipher name: AES Cipher strength: 256 bits Cipher block size: 128 bits Cipher mode: CBC Key exchange: DH_anon (INSECURE) Key exchange strength: 0 bits (INSECURE) Forward secrecy: No (WEAK) PRF: SHA TLS_DH_anon_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA 256 bits |
First encountered suite: TLS_DH_anon_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA
Key exchange length: 0
Key exchange algorithm: DH_anon
Example suite: TLS_DH_anon_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA
A certificate is a digital document that contains a public key, some information about the entity associated with it, and a digital signature from the certificate issuer. It’s a mechanism that enables us to exchange, store, and use public keys. Being able to reliably verify the identity of a remote server is crucial in order to achieve secure encrypted communication.
Names | mail58.cdu.de www.mail58.cdu.de |
Subject DN | CN=mail58.cdu.de |
Subject Key Identifier | 215366bc0b61016b405ccd4071ff3a3b211b0b29 |
Serial | 7fba1cb94dc203c857059b351ad975bc |
Not Before | 26 Sep 2023 00:00:00 UTC |
Not After | 26 Oct 2024 23:59:59 UTC |
Validity period | 397 days |
Key Usage | digitalSignature, keyEncipherment | Extended Key Usage | serverAuth, clientAuth |
Must Staple | No |
Issuer |
|
Issuer DN | CN=Sectigo RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA, O=Sectigo Limited, L=Salford, ST=Greater Manchester, C=GB |
Certification Authority | Sectigo |
Validation Type | Domain Validation (DV) |
Authority Key Identifier | keyid:8d8c5ec454ad8ae177e99bf99b05e1b8018d61e1 |
Parent Certificate | http://crt.sectigo.com/SectigoRSADomainValidationSecureServerCA.crt |
OCSP | http://ocsp.sectigo.com |
Certificate Transparency |
|
Signed Certificate Timestamps |
26 Sep 2023 08:19:41 UTC
| Google 'Xenon2024' log
| Qualified
26 Sep 2023 08:19:41 UTC | Cloudflare 'Nimbus2024' Log | Qualified 26 Sep 2023 08:19:41 UTC | Google 'Argon2024' log | Qualified |
Fingerprints |
|
SHA1 | 5335b1aef3961cf5233808e309bcd7416a640ce6 |
SHA256 | 2dda0a110d12aa8ce9c255d57bbd49d248af3cb8ab0472aac06faae7762d04ae |
SPKI SHA256 | 4cdc354842c08b125791f0ab4b873cb8012b823426c8983228724c878613796f |
Names | mail58.cdu.de www.mail58.cdu.de |
Subject DN | CN=mail58.cdu.de |
Subject Key Identifier | 215366bc0b61016b405ccd4071ff3a3b211b0b29 |
Serial | 7fba1cb94dc203c857059b351ad975bc |
Not Before | 26 Sep 2023 00:00:00 UTC |
Not After | 26 Oct 2024 23:59:59 UTC |
Validity period | 397 days |
Key Usage | digitalSignature, keyEncipherment | Extended Key Usage | serverAuth, clientAuth |
Must Staple | No |
Issuer |
|
Issuer DN | CN=Sectigo RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA, O=Sectigo Limited, L=Salford, ST=Greater Manchester, C=GB |
Certification Authority | Sectigo |
Validation Type | Domain Validation (DV) |
Authority Key Identifier | keyid:8d8c5ec454ad8ae177e99bf99b05e1b8018d61e1 |
Parent Certificate | http://crt.sectigo.com/SectigoRSADomainValidationSecureServerCA.crt |
OCSP | http://ocsp.sectigo.com |
Certificate Transparency |
|
Signed Certificate Timestamps |
26 Sep 2023 08:19:41 UTC
| Google 'Xenon2024' log
| Qualified
26 Sep 2023 08:19:41 UTC | Cloudflare 'Nimbus2024' Log | Qualified 26 Sep 2023 08:19:41 UTC | Google 'Argon2024' log | Qualified |
Fingerprints |
|
SHA1 | 5335b1aef3961cf5233808e309bcd7416a640ce6 |
SHA256 | 2dda0a110d12aa8ce9c255d57bbd49d248af3cb8ab0472aac06faae7762d04ae |
SPKI SHA256 | 4cdc354842c08b125791f0ab4b873cb8012b823426c8983228724c878613796f |
Subject DN | CN=Sectigo RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA, O=Sectigo Limited, L=Salford, ST=Greater Manchester, C=GB |
Subject Key Identifier | 8d8c5ec454ad8ae177e99bf99b05e1b8018d61e1 |
Serial | 7d5b5126b476ba11db74160bbc530da7 |
Not Before | 02 Nov 2018 00:00:00 UTC |
Not After | 31 Dec 2030 23:59:59 UTC |
Key Usage | digitalSignature, keyCertSign, cRLSign | Extended Key Usage | serverAuth, clientAuth |
Issuer |
|
Issuer DN | CN=USERTrust RSA Certification Authority, O=The USERTRUST Network, L=Jersey City, ST=New Jersey, C=US |
Certification Authority | Sectigo |
Validation Type | Not Applicable |
Authority Key Identifier | keyid:5379bf5aaa2b4acf5480e1d89bc09df2b20366cb |
Parent Certificate | http://crt.usertrust.com/USERTrustRSAAddTrustCA.crt |
CRL | http://crl.usertrust.com/USERTrustRSACertificationAuthority.crl |
OCSP | http://ocsp.usertrust.com |
CA certificate | Yes (pathlen 0) |
Fingerprints |
|
SHA1 | 33e4e80807204c2b6182a3a14b591acd25b5f0db |
SHA256 | 7fa4ff68ec04a99d7528d5085f94907f4d1dd1c5381bacdc832ed5c960214676 |
SPKI SHA256 | e1ae9c3de848ece1ba72e0d991ae4d0d9ec547c6bad1dddab9d6beb0a7e0e0d8 |
Subject DN | CN=USERTrust RSA Certification Authority, O=The USERTRUST Network, L=Jersey City, ST=New Jersey, C=US |
Subject Key Identifier | 5379bf5aaa2b4acf5480e1d89bc09df2b20366cb |
Serial | 3972443af922b751d7d36c10dd313595 |
Not Before | 12 Mar 2019 00:00:00 UTC |
Not After | 31 Dec 2028 23:59:59 UTC |
Key Usage | digitalSignature, keyCertSign, cRLSign |
Issuer |
|
Issuer DN | CN=AAA Certificate Services, O=Comodo CA Limited, L=Salford, ST=Greater Manchester, C=GB |
Certification Authority | Sectigo |
Validation Type | Not Applicable |
Authority Key Identifier | keyid:a0110a233e96f107ece2af29ef82a57fd030a4b4 |
CRL | http://crl.comodoca.com/AAACertificateServices.crl |
OCSP | http://ocsp.comodoca.com |
CA certificate | Yes (pathlen unlimited) |
Fingerprints |
|
SHA1 | d89e3bd43d5d909b47a18977aa9d5ce36cee184c |
SHA256 | 68b9c761219a5b1f0131784474665db61bbdb109e00f05ca9f74244ee5f5f52b |
SPKI SHA256 | c784333d20bcd742b9fdc3236f4e509b8937070e73067e254dd3bf9c45bf4dde |
Subject DN | CN=AAA Certificate Services, O=Comodo CA Limited, L=Salford, ST=Greater Manchester, C=GB |
Subject Key Identifier | a0110a233e96f107ece2af29ef82a57fd030a4b4 |
Serial | 1 |
Not Before | 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 UTC |
Not After | 31 Dec 2028 23:59:59 UTC |
Key Usage | keyCertSign, cRLSign |
Issuer |
|
Issuer DN | CN=AAA Certificate Services, O=Comodo CA Limited, L=Salford, ST=Greater Manchester, C=GB |
Certification Authority | Sectigo |
Validation Type | Self-signed |
CRL | http://crl.comodoca.com/AAACertificateServices.crl http://crl.comodo.net/AAACertificateServices.crl |
CA certificate | Yes (pathlen unlimited) |
Fingerprints |
|
SHA1 | d1eb23a46d17d68fd92564c2f1f1601764d8e349 |
SHA256 | d7a7a0fb5d7e2731d771e9484ebcdef71d5f0c3e0a2948782bc83ee0ea699ef4 |
SPKI SHA256 | bd153ed7b0434f6886b17bce8bbe84ed340c7132d702a8f4fa318f756ecbd6f3 |
DNS-based Authentication of Named Entities (DANE) is a bridge between DNSSEC and TLS. In one possible scenario, DANE can be used for public key pinning, building on an existing publicly-trusted certificate. In another approach, it can be used to completely bypass the CA ecosystem and establish trust using DNSSEC alone.
Sender Policy Framework (SPF) is a protocol that allows domain name owners to control which internet hosts are allowed to send email on their behalf. This simple mechanism can be used to reduce the effect of email spoofing and cut down on spam.
Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance (DMARC) is a scalable mechanism by which a mail-originating organization can express domain-level policies and preferences for message validation, disposition, and reporting, that a mail-receiving organization can use to improve mail handling.
The location from which we obtained this policy.Policy location | _dmarc.cdu.de |
DMARC version used by this policy.v | DMARC1 |
Indicates the policy to be enacted by the receiver at the request of the domain owner. Possible values are: none, quarantine, and reject.p |
none |
Requested mail receiver policy for all subdomains. Same format as for the p tag.sp |
none |
Addresses to which aggregate feedback is to be sent.rua | mailto:dmarc@mailinblue.com!10m, mailto:dmarc@ubgnet.de!10m |
Addresses to which message-specific failure information is to be reported.ruf |
mailto:dmarc@mailinblue.com!10m, mailto:dmarc@ubgnet.de!10m |
Specifies the format to be used when reporting failures.rf | afrf |
Percentage of messages from mail stream to which the DMARC policy is to be applied.pct |
100 |
Interval between aggregate reports. Defaults to 86400.ri | 86400 |
Policy: v=DMARC1; p=none; sp=none; rua=mailto:dmarc@mailinblue.com!10m, mailto:dmarc@ubgnet.de!10m; ruf=mailto:dmarc@mailinblue.com!10m, mailto:dmarc@ubgnet.de!10m; rf=afrf; pct=100; ri=86400
Host: _dmarc.cdu.de
Permission record location: cdu.de._report._dmarc.mailinblue.com
External destination: mailto:dmarc@mailinblue.com
Permission record contents: v=DMARC1;
SMTP Mail Transfer Agent Strict Transport Security (MTA-STS) is a mechanism enabling mail service providers to declare their ability to receive Transport Layer Security (TLS) secure SMTP connections, and to specify whether sending SMTP servers should refuse to deliver to MX hosts that do not offer TLS with a trusted server certificate.
SMTP TLS Reporting (RFC 8460), or TLS-RPT for short, describes a reporting mechanism and format by which systems sending email can share statistics and specific information about potential failures with recipient domains. Recipient domains can then use this information to both detect potential attacks and diagnose unintentional misconfigurations. TLS-RPT can be used with DANE or MTA-STS.
To observe your HTTP implementation, we submit a request to the homepage of your site on port 80, follow all redirections (even when they take us to other domain names), and record the returned HTTP headers.
Message: Connect to mail58.cdu.de:80 [mail58.cdu.de./193.219.105.58] failed: Connect timed out
To observe your HTTPS implementation, we submit a request to the homepage of your site on port 443, follow all redirections (even when they take us to other domain names), and record the returned HTTP headers. We use the most recent set of headers returned from the tested hostname for further tests such as HSTS and HPKP.
Message: Connect to mail58.cdu.de:443 [mail58.cdu.de./193.219.105.58] failed: Connect timed out
Transport Layer Security (TLS) is the most widely used encryption protocol on the Internet. In combination with valid certificates, servers can establish trusted communication channels even with users who have never visited them before. Network attackers can't uncover what is being communicated, even when they can see all the traffic.
Error message: Connect timed out
A certificate is a digital document that contains a public key, some information about the entity associated with it, and a digital signature from the certificate issuer. It’s a mechanism that enables us to exchange, store, and use public keys. Being able to reliably verify the identity of a remote server is crucial in order to achieve secure encrypted communication.
DNS-based Authentication of Named Entities (DANE) is a bridge between DNSSEC and TLS. In one possible scenario, DANE can be used for public key pinning, building on an existing publicly-trusted certificate. In another approach, it can be used to completely bypass the CA ecosystem and establish trust using DNSSEC alone.
Cookies are small chunks of text that are sent between your browser and a website. They are often essential to the operation of the site and sometimes contain sensitive information. Session cookies sent from secure sites must be explicitly marked as secure to prevent being obtained by active network attackers.
On virtually all web sites, HTML markup, images, style sheets, JavaScript, and other page resources arrive not only over multiple connections but possibly from multiple servers and sites spread across the entire Internet. For a page to be properly encrypted, it’s necessary that all the content is retrieved over HTTPS. In practice, that’s very often not the case, leading to mixed content security problems.
HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) vastly improves security of the network encryption layer. With HSTS enabled, browsers no longer allow clicking through certificate warnings errors, which are typically trivial to exploit. Additionally, they will no longer submit insecure (plaintext) requests to the site in question, even if asked.
URL from which this policy was obtained.Location | https://mail58.cdu.de |
HTTP Public Key Pinning (HPKP) enables site operators to restrict which certificates are considered valid for their domain names. With a valid HPKP configuration, sites can defeat man in the middle (MITM) attacks using fraudulent or misissued certificates. HPKP is an advanced feature, suitable for use by only high-profile web sites.
Content Security Policy (CSP) is a security mechanism that allows web sites control how browsers process their pages. In essence, sites can restrict what types of resources are loaded and from where. CSP policies can be used to defend against cross-site scripting, prevent mixed content issues, as well as report violations for investigation.
Subresource Integrity (SRI) is a new standard that enables browsers to verify the integrity of embedded page resources (e.g., scripts and stylesheets) when they are loaded from third-party web sites. With SRI deployed, remote resources can be used safely, without fear of them being modified by malicious parties.
Expect-CT is a deprecated response HTTP header designed to enable web sites to monitor problems related to their Certificate Transparency (CT) compliance. Should any CT issues arise, browsers that supported this header will submit reports to the specified reporting endpoint. Chrome was the browser that introduced support for this response header, but later deprecated it and removed it in version 107.
The X-Frame-Options header controls page framing, which occurs when a page is incorporated into some other page, possibly on a different site. If framing is allowed, attackers can employ clever tricks to make victims perform arbitrary actions on your site; they do this by showing their web site while forwarding the victim's clicks to yours.
Some browsers ship with so-called XSS Auditors, built-in defenses against XSS. Although these defenses work against simple reflective XSS attacks, they can be abused by skillful attackers to add weaknesses to otherwise secure web sites. These dangers are present in both filtering and blocking modes. At this time, the Safari browser ships with its XSS defenses enabled by default. For this reason, the best approach is to explicitly disable this functionality.
Some browsers use a technique called content sniffing to override response MIME types provided by HTTP servers and interpret responses as something else (usually HTML). This behavior, which could potentially lead to security issues, should be disabled by attaching an X-Content-Type-Options header to all responses.